Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Jayanti 2022.
Hello Everyone My Name is Vivek Chaturvedi. I am writing a blog about Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Ji.
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Jayanti 2022: He is an Indian Nationalist whose patriotism towards India has left a mark in the hearts of many Indians. On the 125th birth anniversary of Netaji, let us read more about him.
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23 January,1897 in Cuttack, Orissa and he died on 18 August,1945, in a hospital in Taiwan after suffering from the burn-injuries sustained in a plane crash.
He was an Indian Nationalist whose patriotism towards India has left a mark in the hearts of many Indians. He is famously known as the founder of 'Azad Hind Fauj' and his famous slogan is 'Tum Mujhe Khoon Do, Main Tumhe Aazadi Dunga'.
Subhas Chandra Bose is considered the most influential freedom fighter with extraordinary leadership skills and a charismatic orator. His famous slogans are 'tum mujhe khoon do, main tumhe aazadi dunga', 'Jai Hind', and 'Delhi Chalo'. He formed Azad Hind Fauj and made several contributions to India's freedom struggle. He is known for his militant approach that he used to gain independence and for his socialist policies.
Subhas Chandra Bose: Family history and early life
Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was born on 23 January, 1897 in Cuttack (Orissa) to Prabhavati Dutt Bose and Janakinath Bose. His father was a successful lawyer in Cuttack and received the title of "Rai Bahadur". He did his schooling from the Protestant European School (presently Stewart High School) in Cuttack, just like his siblings. He did baccalaureate from the Presidency College. He was influenced by the teachings of Swami Vivekananda and Ramakrishna after reading their works at the age of 16. He then was sent by his parents to the University of Cambridge in England to prepare for the Indian Civil Service. In 1920 he passed the civil service examination, but in April 1921, after hearing of the nationalist turmoils in India, he resigned his candidacy and hurried back to India.
Subhas Chandra Bose and Indian National Congress
He joined Non-Cooperation Movement which started by Mahatama Gandhi who made INC as a powerful non-violent organization. During the movement, he was advised by Mahatma Gandhi to work with Chittaranjan Das who became his political guru. After that, he became a youth educator and commandant of the Bengal Congress volunteers. He started the newspaper 'Swaraj'. In 1927, after being released from prison, Bose became general secretary of the Congress party and worked with Jawaharlal Nehru for independence.
In 1938 he was elected president of the Indian National Congress and formed a national planning committee, which formulated a policy of broad industrialization. However, this did not harmonize with Gandhian economic thought, which clung to the notion of cottage industries and benefiting from the use of the country’s own resources. Bose’s vindication came in 1939 when he defeated a Gandhian rival for reelection. Nonetheless, the “rebel president” felt bound to resign because of the lack of Gandhi’s support.
Subhas Chandra Bose and the formation of Forward Bloc
All India Forward Bloc was a left-wing nationalist political party in India which emerged as a faction within the India Congress in 1939, led by Subhas Chandra Bose. He was well known for his leftist views in Congress. The prime objective of the Froward Bloc was to bring all radical elements of the Congress party. So that he could spread the meaning of complete independence of India with adherence of the application of principles of equality and social justice.
Subhas Chandra Bose and Indian National Army (INA) or Azad Hind Fauz
An important development in the struggle for freedom during the Second World War was the formation and activities of the Azad Hind Fauj, also known as the Indian National Army, or INA. Rash Behari Bose, an Indian revolutionary who had escaped from India and had been living in Japan for many years, set up the Indian independence league with the support of Indians living in the countries of south-east Asia.
When Japan defeated the British armies and occupied almost all the countries of south-East Asia, the league formed the Indian National Army from among the Indian prisoners of war with the aim of liberating India from the British rule. General Mohan Singh, who had been an officer in the British Indian army, played an important role in organizing this army.
In the meantime, Subhas Chandra Bose had escaped from India in 1941 and gone to Germany to work for India’s Independence. In 1943, he came to Singapore to lead the Indian Independence League and rebuild the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) to make it an effective instrument for the freedom of India. The Azad Hind Fauj comprised about 45,000 soldiers, among who were Indian prisoners of war as well as Indians who were settled in various countries of south-east Asia.
When Japan defeated the British armies and occupied almost all the countries of south-East Asia, the league formed the Indian National Army from among the Indian prisoners of war with the aim of liberating India from the British rule. General Mohan Singh, who had been an officer in the British Indian army, played an important role in organizing this army.
In the meantime, Subhas Chandra Bose had escaped from India in 1941 and gone to Germany to work for India’s Independence. In 1943, he came to Singapore to lead the Indian Independence League and rebuild the Indian National Army (Azad Hind Fauj) to make it an effective instrument for the freedom of India. The Azad Hind Fauj comprised about 45,000 soldiers, among who were Indian prisoners of war as well as Indians who were settled in various countries of south-east Asia.
On 21 October 1943, Subhas Bose, who was now popularly known as Netaji, proclaimed the formation of the provisional government of independent India (Azad Hind) in Singapore. Netaji went to the Andaman which had been occupied by the Japanese and hoisted there the flag of India. In early 1944, three units of the Azad Hind Fauj (INA) took part in the attack on the north-eastern parts of India to oust the British from India. According to Shah Nawaz Khan, one of the most prominent officers of the Azad Hind Fauj, the soldiers who had entered India laid themselves flat on the ground and passionately kissed the sacred soil of their motherland. However, the attempt to liberate India by the Azad Hind Fauj failed.
The Indian nationalist movement did not view the Japanese government as a friend of India. Its sympathies were with the people of those countries which had fallen victims to Japan’s aggression. Netaji, however, believed that with the help of the Azad Hind Fauj, supported by Japan, and a revolt inside India, the British rule over India could be ended. The Azad Hind Fauj, with the slogan of ‘Delhi Chalo’ and the salutation Jai Hind was a source of inspiration to Indians, inside and outside the country. Netaji rallied together the Indians of all religions and regions, living in south-east Asia, for the cause of India’s freedom.
Indian women also played an important role in the activities for the freedom of India. A women’s regiment of Azad Hind Fauj was formed, which was under the command of Captain Lakshmi Swaminathan. It was called the Rani Jhansi regiment. The Azad Hind Fauj became the symbol of unity and heroism to the people of India. Netaji, who had been one of the greatest leaders of India’s struggle for freedom, was reported killed in an air crash a few days after Japan had surrendered.
The Second World War ended in 1945 with the defeat of fascist Germany and Italy. Millions of people were killed in the war. When the war was nearing its end and Italy and Germany had already been defeated, the U.S.A. dropped atom bombs on the two cities of Japan-Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Within a few moments, these cities were burnt to the ground and over 200,000 people were killed. Japan surrendered soon after this. Though the use of the atom bombs brought the war to a close, it led to new tensions in the world and to a new competition for making more and more deadly weapons which might destroy all mankind.
Some interesting facts about Subhas Chandra Ji.
Subhas Chandra Bose was a brilliant student. He secured top ranks throughout his study in school and university. Subhas Chandra Bose did his graduation with Philosophy with first class in 1918.
He was ranked 4th in the prestigious Indian Civil Services exam in 1919. Later, he resigned from this job.
Subhas Chandra Bose was elected as President of All India National Congress for two times.
He was married to an Austrian origin woman named Emilie Schenkl. They have also a daughter Anita Bose who is a renowned German economist.
"Jai Hind", one of the most popular slogans of India was coined by Bose and was also the one to select Rabindranath Tagore's 'Jana Gana Mana' as his preferred national anthem.
From 1921 to 1941, Subhas was imprisoned eleven times in different jails due to his stand for complete independence.
He used to believe that Gandhi's tactics of non-violence would be never enough to find independence and advocated violent resistance.
Although Subhas Chandra Bose was opposed to Gandhi Ji's philosophies, he still used to call him 'Patriot of Patriots'. This honour was commendable as Bose was fully devoted to India's Independence. There was no sacrifice that he did not make for his nation.
He had established the Azad Hind Radio station in Germany and led the Indian nationalist movement in East Asia.
Subhas Chandra's death has been one of the biggest Indian mysteries. He is said to have died from a third-degree burn after his overloaded Japanese plane crashed around Taiwan. Although, his supporters had refuted the news immediately after, and the conspiracy theories have lived since.
He secured second position in the matriculation examination in 1913. Soon, he got admitted to the Presidency College. He studied briefly in Presidency College.
The College Management expelled him for assaulting Professor Oaten for his anti-India comments.
He later joined the Scottish Church College at the University of Calcutta and passed his B.A. in 1918 in philosophy.Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose left India in 1919 for England with a promise to his father that he would appear in the Indian Civil Services (ICS) examination.
He went to study in Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge and matriculated on 19 November 1919.Subhash Chandra Bose came fourth in the ICS examination. But, he did not want to work under an alien government.
He resigned from his civil service job on 23 April 1921 and returned to India.
Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose started the newspaper Swaraj and took charge of publicity for the Bengal Provincial Congress Committee.
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